Metal source and the origin of the Darıderesi Pb-Zn (Ag) veins in the Balya Mining District, NW Türkiye: Constraints from ore mineral chemistry, fluid inclusions and S-Pb isotopic signatures

The Darıderesi mineralisation was recently discovered in the Balya district which hosts Pb-Zn (Ag) deposits including Arı Mağara-Balya Main and Hastanetepe-Balya North. is a structurally controlled hydrothermal associated replacement hosted shale-mudstone carbonaceous horizons within Karakaya Complex. formed three main stages as pre-ore calc-silicate alteration, ore, supergene alteration. substages of sulphide-sulphosalt can be summarised as; pyrite-arsenopyrite galena, sphalerite, ferrokesterite, chalcopyrite, fahlore group geocronite-jordanite solid solution series members, xanthoconite, pyrargyrite, goldfieldite. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that both boiling fluid mixing were most effective processes causing precipitation sulphides sulphosalts. Along its pathway, fluid-rock interaction coupled with decreasing temperature evolved to lower sulphur oxygen fugacity nearly neutral weakly alkali state promoted base metal following silver-bearing lead isotope composition implies essentially derived from Oligo-Miocene magmatic rocks region some basement rocks. similarity isotopic compositions between suggests they may relate same source.